{"id":20919,"date":"2024-05-31T15:51:04","date_gmt":"2024-05-31T20:51:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/?p=20919"},"modified":"2025-11-19T11:09:32","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T16:09:32","slug":"a-film-composers-guide-to-the-movie-set-directors-producers-writers-and-more","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/a-film-composers-guide-to-the-movie-set-directors-producers-writers-and-more\/","title":{"rendered":"A Film Composer\u2019s Guide to the Movie Set: Directors, Producers, Writers, and More!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"excerpt-callout-block_56a090cf45467afc1c69ddf6b9d3d8a7\" class=\"excerpt-callout style-default\">\n    <div class=\"excerpt-content\">\n        <p>The following information on film composers, directors, producers, etc., is excerpted from the Berklee Online course <em><a href=\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/courses\/film-scoring-101?campaign_id=7010Z000001ZkQgQAK&amp;pid=&amp;utm_source=takenote&amp;tum_medium=blog&amp;utm_campaign=bol-gen-takenote-article-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">Film Scoring 101<\/a><\/em>, written by <a href=\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/instructors\/patrick-kirst?campaign_id=7010Z000001ZkQgQAK&amp;pid=&amp;utm_source=takenote&amp;tum_medium=blog&amp;utm_campaign=bol-gen-takenote-article-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">Patrick Kirst<\/a>, and currently enrolling.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-film-composers-collaborate-with-directors-producers-and-crews-throughout-movie-production\">How Film Composers Collaborate with Directors, Producers, and Crews Throughout Movie Production<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Film composers are often in their own world when working to create a powerful soundtrack that elevates and supports a film. However, understanding the art and hard work behind the making of a film is a crucial step in gradually transitioning from being a sole musician in your studio to becoming a team player and an important key member of the filmmaking team.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article, I\u2019ll shed some light on some of the key people in the filmmaking world and highlight their roles. Furthermore, I\u2019ll show you where in the filmmaking process we composers come in, discuss how much time we get, and touch on the many logistical things related to film scoring.&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-producers\"><strong>Producers<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are a variety of producers in the film and television business today. The main <strong>producers<\/strong> oversee the entire process from concept to production to distribution. They work in conjunction with the studio or a production company, which is the financial entity partner and will end up becoming a partner in all areas. Producers generally hire the director, the cast, and the crew; set the budget; and give creative input along with the studio. They are ultimately responsible for everything that goes on in the making of the picture. \u201cProducer\u201d (with no additional words before it) is the highest level of a producorial credit for a film.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s take a closer look at some of the other roles that producers (with additional words before their titles) play.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-executive-producer\">Executive Producer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When it comes to the <strong>executive producers<\/strong>, in film it is common for the financing entity to take this credit or someone who has had some value in the journey from the idea to the present incarnation of the project. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In television and streaming, the executive producer is the equivalent to the producer. This is the highest level of credit for this medium. Usually an executive producer of a series has participated in developing the series and had a key role before it is presented to a network or studio. This person will also have a key role going forward. There are often many other types of producers involved. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-line-producer\">Line Producer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The title of executive producer has also been given to the <strong>line producer <\/strong>on many motion pictures. A line producer is the person in charge of the production plan and oversees all aspects of the film from budgeting to scheduling to hiring of all crew. They act as a general manager or COO (chief operating officer) at a large company. They handle all the nitty gritty of everyday interactions with the staff. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-associate-producer\">Associate Producer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>An <strong>associate producer<\/strong> is a credit that is usually given to someone who has had something to do with the evolution of the material or idea, but is not necessarily going to be on hand during the shooting process. Also, sometimes the writer or key crew member will receive this credit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-director\"><strong>Director<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>director<\/strong> is responsible for the creative vision of the film. Some directors also write and are known as <em>auteur<\/em> <em>directors<\/em>, where they truly control much of the story from concept to execution in all areas. For example, when you see a Fellini film, you know it. When you see a Hitchcock film, you know it. They make all creative decisions in collaboration with the producers and all hired crew members.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Alfred Hitchcock: Signature Cinematography\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lr5XjXOhcJY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Directors are ultimately responsible not only for everything you see onscreen but all the performances as well. So when an actor wins an Academy Award, it is the director they will usually thank first.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A director\u2019s role is vast, encompassing many diverse facets in many departments, but for writer-director <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/name\/nm1479803\/\" target=\"_blank\">Vince Marcello<\/a>, (who you hear a lot more from in the full version of my <em><a href=\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/courses\/film-scoring-101?campaign_id=7010Z000001ZkQgQAK&amp;pid=&amp;utm_source=takenote&amp;tum_medium=blog&amp;utm_campaign=bol-gen-takenote-article-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">Film&nbsp;Scoring&nbsp;101<\/a> <\/em>course<em>)&nbsp;<\/em>the story, emotion, and the overall vision for the movie always comes first. A University of California (USC) graduate, Marcello started as a theater actor, eventually moving into directing stage productions, films, and television. I had the pleasure of working with him on the <em>Kissing Booth<\/em> trilogy for Netflix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-writers\"><strong>Writers<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>writer<\/strong> creates the screenplay, also called the script. They can be hired to write an existing idea or they can write something that is an idea known only to them. This is the difference between writing for hire and what is referred to as writing \u201con spec\u201d (or \u201con speculation\u201d), which means you are writing it and taking a chance it will sell at some point. Writers are not paid during this writing time. If a writer is hired, then they will receive payment. Payment depends on whether or not the writer is a member of the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wga.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">Writers Guild of America<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-showrunners\">Showrunners<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In television all the writers and the <strong>showrunners<\/strong> gather in a writer\u2019s room. This is the secret, holy place where the story is developed over the course of the show. This is commonly referred to as \u201cbreaking a story.\u201d In television and streaming series, those writers who have the ultimate responsibility are the showrunners. This writer generally is part of the creation of the series idea and story and will oversee everything to make sure the content and tone stays consistent. As mentioned above, these writers receive the credit of executive producer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-casting-director-and-actors\"><strong>Casting Director and Actors<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Very early on in the process, as soon as the film gets a \u201cgreen light,\u201d which means it has been approved by the financing entity to move forward, the <strong>casting process<\/strong> begins, usually (if it hasn\u2019t been done already) selecting the stars of the film first. Most pictures will require a star or known actor to substantiate the monetary investment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A <strong>casting director<\/strong> is responsible for bringing in the right talent for the role and doing a lot of preselection so that the director\u2019s time is more efficient. They can sometimes see hundreds of people for a role (via <strong>casting calls<\/strong>), but present only 20 or even 10 to the director.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Then all the supporting and day-to-day roles are cast. Actors will be selected by the casting director to come in and read some scenes from the script to the director and producer. Together, everyone discusses and then decides who gets the part. Sometimes, actors will be brought in together in what is called a \u201cchemistry read\u201d to ensure that the actors will be believable together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once the director chooses the actors, they usually have to be approved by the financing entity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-key-stages-in-filmmaking\">Key Stages in Filmmaking <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The world of film, and filmmaking, is a universe unto itself. If you stay through the end of a film and watch the rolling credits, you know that it takes a village to make a movie. Next we\u2019ll take a look at the key stages in the filmmaking process and the key people (besides the ones we already discussed), and departments, charged with creating the magic we call film.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The film production process can be divided into five essential stages:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Development\/casting of leads\/financing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Preproduction&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Production<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Postproduction&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Distribution<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-development-casting-of-leads-financing\"><strong>Development\/Casting of Leads\/Financing<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The idea<\/strong>: An idea for a film can come from anywhere, an article, a book, a true life story, something wild that your imagination created\u2014truly anything. The idea will then spark the next step.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Development<\/strong>: This process (and the next one) is the longest process in the filmmaking journey. You will need a writer to write the idea, you will eventually need a producer to support and help with taking this idea and turning it into a screenplay. This screenplay version of the idea will undergo several rewrites, which will likely continue all the way until the start of production begins. This is the time where you will work to get the screenplay in the very best shape it can be. It is an ongoing process and never truly ends until filming, but it needs to be in good shape so as to attract actors, directors, and ultimately financiers. Open collaboration is key here.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Financing<\/strong>: Once your screenplay is in decent shape and it has been vetted (which we also call \u201cnoted\u201d) many times, it is ready to send to potential financing entities. This can be in the form of a studio, an independent company, or an individual. There are many ways to procure financing. At this time, or before, a director is usually brought in if they have not already been hired.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-preproduction\"><strong>Preproduction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Once your financing is secure, you will likely begin casting (this may take place before you are able to secure the financing). During preproduction the script is finalized, broken into scenes, storyboards are being created, and deals are made for the principal cast and crew while locations are scouted. The director and key crew members, such as the production designer, director of photography, and costume designer lay down the creative and production groundwork\u2014once again, collaboration is key here to set the tone for the rest of the crew to follow once on board. As you get closer to the start of photography, the pace picks up and it becomes a non-stop day-to-day of meetings and planning for production. It is a big preparation process to get everything ready for the actual shoot. Preproduction can take many months.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Production starts when the film is actually being shot. This is the most expensive part of the entire process. This is where the high stakes are, as each day can cost from $50,000 on a small picture to hundreds of thousands of dollars on a larger scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are many different departments, each with a specific task, and they all work together like a well-oiled machine. Knowing your place and being supportive of other responsibilities is key here for a productive environment. Let\u2019s take a closer look at these key departments.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Film Scoring 101: Who\u2019s Who on the Movie Set (Director, Producer, Cinematographer, Editor, etc.)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/T0mbxh-Ly88?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-postproduction\"><strong>Postproduction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Postproduction is centered around the fine <strong>editing<\/strong> of the picture. If not already done during the actual shoot, the editors make an assembly out of the dailies and start creating a rough cut. The principal <strong>film editor<\/strong> then works closely with the <strong>director<\/strong> to finesse the cut until approved by director, producer, and studio. (Very rarely does the director have final say, a.k.a. <strong>final cut<\/strong>. The picture cut is a collaborative process under the director\u2019s overall artistic vision.) The final edited version, also known as <strong>locked picture<\/strong>, is then handed over to three key departments simultaneously:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>sound department<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>VFX department<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>music department<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>post supervisor<\/strong> is the key person to oversee the entire postproduction, to ensure that the final film delivery schedule is met and within the budget. They are the person relaying information between the studio, producers, director, editor, supervising sound editor, and all facilities involved (such as film labs, CGI companies, sound studios, etc.) as well as the production accountant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s take a look at the three key departments that work on the locked picture.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sound-department\"><strong>Sound Department<\/strong><br><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The sound department, as the name suggests, is responsible for the overall sound, including the <strong>dialogue (DLG)<\/strong>, all <strong>sound effects (SFX)<\/strong>, <strong>foley<\/strong>, and <strong>music<\/strong> (including score and songs).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Specifically, <strong>sound editors<\/strong> are responsible for all the sounds in a film. The main sound elements are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>sound effects (SFX), such as gunshots, video game sounds, etc., but also more artistic sounds like creating the dinosaur growls in <em>Jurassic Park<\/em> for example<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>foley (re-created everyday sounds like footsteps, squeaky doors, car engines, etc.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>backgrounds, such as applause, ocean waves, sounds in a rainforest, underwater sounds, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-dialogue-editor\">Dialogue Editor<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>dialogue editor<\/strong> is a type of sound editor that is responsible for cleaning up all the dialogue from the production sound (the sound that was recorded on set while filming) and ensuring perfect (lip) sync to the picture. They will likely be involved with automated dialogue replacement (ADR). ADR sessions are needed when the background noise during the shoot interferes too much with the dialogue. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, imagine an intimate closeup scene between two actors and just in the most important moment of the dialogue an airplane flies over their heads, ruining their best take. Or imagine a scene filmed at the beach. There might be shouting and screaming in the background while the sound of the ocean waves are so loud you can barely hear what the actors are saying. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-automated-dialogue-replacement-adr\">Automated Dialogue Replacement (ADR)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In these cases the actors come to a studio and re-record the audio for their scenes, trying to be in perfect lip sync with the picture. It is a tedious task for the actors. ADR has helped automate this very process, where the actors hear a few audio beeps before they need to say their lines and match their performance on the screen. Sometimes a loop of the line to be replaced is played back many times, and the actor has to say the line along with their performance onscreen multiple times until they match.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-re-recording-mixer\">Re-recording Mixer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>re-recording mixer<\/strong> is responsible for the final mix and delivery to production. Under the supervision of the director, they will find the appropriate balance between all sound effects, dialogue, foley, background effects, and music.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-vfx-department\"><strong>VFX Department<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As mentioned earlier, the VFX department is usually involved during the shoot. Green screen and other types of special effect shots have to be strategically planned in preproduction. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-vfx-supervisor\"><strong>VFX Supervisor<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>VFX supervisor<\/strong> is the key person overseeing all visual effects in a movie. They are responsible for the final look of all the effects. This person, who was on set, will now take over the \u201cpost\u201d part of the process, which is taking all the elements that were filmed and now working with the computer artists to finish the shots. It is usual to choose one or more vendors to do this, as sometimes there are too many shots for one vendor to accomplish in a short time.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now after all of these intricate steps comes the music! Let\u2019s take a look: <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-music-department\"><strong>Music Department<\/strong><br><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The key music crew members typically include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a <strong>music supervisor<\/strong> who is usually hired by the producer and responsible for song selection and licensing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>one or several <strong>music editors<\/strong>, usually hired by director\/producer or (suggested by) the composer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a <strong>composer<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>composer<\/strong> usually hires:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>assistant(s)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(additional) synth programmer(s)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>musicians (also hired by a contractor)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>orchestrator(s)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>copyist(s)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>score recording engineer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>score mixer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/courses\/interest\/orchestration?campaign_id=7010Z000001ZkQgQAK&amp;pid=&amp;utm_source=takenote&amp;utm_medium=blog&amp;utm_campaign=bol-gen-takenote-link-from-article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">TAKE AN ORCHESTRATION COURSE WITH BERKLEE ONLINE<\/a><\/em><\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-composer-s-assistant\"><strong>The Composer\u2019s Assistant<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>An assistant to a composer helps make the composer\u2019s life and work easier through a combination of technical, musical, and day-to-day support. Composers\u2019 assistants usually tackle tasks like:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>keeping track of the music left to be written or revised<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>preparing and making schedules for recording sessions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cleaning up DAW sessions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>occasionally finishing cues the composer started<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201csynthestrating\u201d cues, meaning producing a fully fleshed mockup of a cue<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>conforming cues to new picture<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>studio maintenance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.berklee.edu\/careers\/roles\/assistant-composer?campaign_id=7010Z000001ZkQgQAK&amp;pid=&amp;utm_source=takenote&amp;utm_medium=blog&amp;utm_campaign=bol-gen-takenote-link-from-article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">LEARN MORE ABOUT ABOUT COMPOSERS\u2019 ASSISTANT CAREER OPPORTUNITIES!<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-composer-s-team\">The Composer&#8217;s Team<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s look at the composer\u2019s team in detail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Additional <strong>synth programmers<\/strong> are hired to design new sounds under composer&#8217;s supervision or requests.<\/li><li><strong>Orchestrators<\/strong> are taking the composer\u2019s sketches and turning them into full scores. (For more on how to orchestrate a score, read <a href=\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/budapest-orchestra-brings-life-to-student-film-scores-from-across-the-ocean?campaign_id=7010Z000001ZkQgQAK&amp;pid=&amp;utm_source=takenote&amp;utm_medium=blog&amp;utm_campaign=bol-gen-takenote-link-from-article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">this <em>Take Note <\/em>article about Berklee Online students working with an orchestra in Budapest to bring their compositions to life<\/a>.)<\/li><li><strong>Copyists<\/strong> will take the orchestrations and extract the individual parts for the musicians.<\/li><li>Usually a <strong>contractor<\/strong> hires the musicians and ensures that everyone is present and punctual for the recording session. Sometimes, the composer hires the musicians directly, if, for example, only a few musicians are needed and to be recorded at the composer\u2019s studio. And this can also depend on the overall budget of the movie and the budget available to the composer.<\/li><li>The <strong>score recording engineer<\/strong> is responsible for recording the musicians at the studio. Sometimes they will also be the <strong>score mixer<\/strong>, who will then mix down the score under the composer\u2019s creative input and deliver back to the composer or directly to the music editor who will then deliver the entire session to the <strong>dubbing (or dub) stage<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The final dub is one of the last steps in the filmmaking process. Here, all the sound effects, music (which include score and songs), and dialogue are mixed together and meticulously balanced. This process can take several weeks, depending on the size of the production. Usually there is an entire staff present at the dub stage as well as director, producer, music editor, and music supervisor. The composer is usually not present at the dub.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/podcast-episode-032-jon-kull-on-orchestrating-some-of-hollywoods-biggest-blockbuster-movies\/\/?pid=8023&amp;utm_source=takenote&amp;utm_medium=blog&amp;utm_campaign=bol-gen-takenote-article-promotion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">LISTEN TO AN INTERVIEW WITH ORCHESTRATOR (AND BERKLEE ONLINE COURSE AUTHOR) JON KULL<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-music-and-effects-m-amp-e-track\">Music and Effects (M&amp;E) Track<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The last step at the dubbing studio is centered around prepping the mix for international distribution. A so-called M&amp;E track (music and effects) will need to be created. This track contains everything but the dialogue, like background ambience (big football stadiums or other crowd laughter, passing trains, car horns), but also the close-up foley at a dinner table where we hear forks and knives, wine glasses clinking, etc. This will make it easier for other countries to add their own dubbing in different languages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The film is now ready for distribution.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-distribution\"><strong>Distribution<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The entity that will distribute the picture is most often the financier. Sometimes, however, you can receive funding for a picture and will still need to negotiate and arrange for distribution from another entity. This can be television, streaming, or theatrical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The avenues for exposure are many, ranging from film festivals to organized small screenings to garner distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This stage can take anywhere from a few months to a year, depending on many elements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So now that you know the general gist of how a movie production works, you\u2019ll start to understand that film composers often come in at the very last minute in the grand scheme of the filmmaking process. On average, film composers spend two to three months on a film that is potentially in production for two to three years! Understanding that you are in support of a movie and a director&#8217;s vision like any other department will help you transition more easily from being a sole musician in your studio to being part of a larger team.<br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this excerpt from Berklee Online\u2019s <em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Film Scoring 101 (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/courses\/film-scoring-101?campaign_id=7010Z000001ZkQgQAK&amp;pid=&amp;utm_source=takenote&amp;utm_medium=blog&amp;utm_campaign=bol-gen-takenote-link-from-article\" target=\"_blank\">Film Scoring 101<\/a><\/em> you\u2019ll get a sense of who does what on a movie set, whether it\u2019s a director, producer, writer, or composer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":89,"featured_media":20925,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,9561,7579,9569,9586],"tags":[9407,6467,344,9408,6099,1065,8524,9410,9409],"class_list":["post-20919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-basics-lessons","category-lesson-content","category-music-for-film-tv-and-games-articles","category-music-for-film-tv-and-games-lessons","tag-alfred-hitchcock","tag-composer","tag-composition","tag-federico-fellini","tag-jon-kull","tag-orchestration","tag-patrick-kirst","tag-vince-marcello","tag-writers-guild-of-america"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.8 (Yoast SEO v25.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A Film Composer\u2019s Guide to the Movie Set: Directors, Producers, Writers, and More! - Berklee Online Take Note<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this excerpt from Berklee Online&#039;s Film Scoring 101, get a sense of who does what on a movie set, whether it&#039;s a director, producer, writer, or composer.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/a-film-composers-guide-to-the-movie-set-directors-producers-writers-and-more\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Film Composer\u2019s Guide to the Movie Set: Directors, Producers, Writers, and More!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In this excerpt from Berklee Online&#039;s Film Scoring 101, get a sense of who does what on a movie set, whether it&#039;s a director, producer, writer, or composer.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/a-film-composers-guide-to-the-movie-set-directors-producers-writers-and-more\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Berklee Online Take Note\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berkleeonline\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-05-31T20:51:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-11-19T16:09:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/film_composers_guide_to_the_movie_set_article_image_2024.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Patrick Kirst\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@berkleeonline\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@berkleeonline\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Patrick Kirst\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"14 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/a-film-composers-guide-to-the-movie-set-directors-producers-writers-and-more\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/a-film-composers-guide-to-the-movie-set-directors-producers-writers-and-more\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Patrick Kirst\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/#\/schema\/person\/9b274cc6740eff9af37489cab166688f\"},\"headline\":\"A Film Composer\u2019s Guide to the Movie Set: Directors, Producers, Writers, and More!\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-05-31T20:51:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-11-19T16:09:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/a-film-composers-guide-to-the-movie-set-directors-producers-writers-and-more\/\"},\"wordCount\":3083,\"commentCount\":8,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/#org\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/a-film-composers-guide-to-the-movie-set-directors-producers-writers-and-more\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/film_composers_guide_to_the_movie_set_article_image_2024.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Alfred Hitchcock\",\"composer\",\"composition\",\"Federico Fellini\",\"Jon Kull\",\"orchestration\",\"Patrick Kirst\",\"Vince Marcello\",\"writers guild of america\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Articles\",\"Basics\",\"Lesson Content\",\"Music for Film, TV, and Games\",\"Music for Film, TV, and Games\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/a-film-composers-guide-to-the-movie-set-directors-producers-writers-and-more\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/a-film-composers-guide-to-the-movie-set-directors-producers-writers-and-more\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/a-film-composers-guide-to-the-movie-set-directors-producers-writers-and-more\/\",\"name\":\"A Film Composer\u2019s Guide to the Movie Set: Directors, Producers, Writers, and More! 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