{"id":94,"date":"2007-12-06T15:46:25","date_gmt":"2007-12-06T15:46:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.online.berklee.edu\/erikhawkins\/?p=94"},"modified":"2026-01-19T16:26:16","modified_gmt":"2026-01-19T21:26:16","slug":"what-does-a-compressor-do-in-music","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/what-does-a-compressor-do-in-music\/","title":{"rendered":"What Does a Compressor Do in Music?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Learn How Compression Shapes Dynamics and Tone with a Hands-On Listening Exercise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The compressor, and how it controls a signal\u2019s dynamics, is one of the more challenging processors to grasp. Learning how to effectively apply compression in your mix can take a significant amount of study time, patience, and good old fashioned experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now, I could explain what each parameter of a compressor does and how it affects the signal. I could even give you some compression presets to get you started. But, this approach would be old hat and does nothing to help you actively hear compression and how each of its components work. You see, without the ability to hear in your mind how compression colors a signal, and to then know which parameters on a compressor to reach for in order to achieve your sound, you\u2019re just fumbling blindly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TAKE A BERKLEE ONLINE COURSE WITH ERIK HAWK!<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The skill necessary to properly operate a compressor is comparable to the ability you developed as a toddler to recognize and apply colors. You learned to visualize what color you wanted to apply to the flower in your coloring book, and you learned which color to reach for in your box of crayons to achieve your objective. The trick with compression, as with any type of processing or synthesis used in music production and sound design, is to know, instinctively, which parameters to reach for in order to create the sound you\u2019re hearing in your head. It\u2019s a deceptively simple process because it\u2019s so easy to quantify, but as we all know from experience, it\u2019s tough to put into practice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With all this in mind, I\u2019ve cooked up an interactive compression lesson to help you better hear compression, and learn to associate compression colors with specific compressor parameters. It\u2019s a Reason song file full of MClass Compressors, with each Compressor adjusted slightly differently, but applied to the same snare drum signal. Each compressor\u2019s label reflects its parameter change (such as \u201cMore Attack\u201d or \u201cLess Attack\u201d), so that you can easily identify the Compressor\u2019s parameter that you\u2019re hearing, in relation to a base compression setting (the \u201cBasic Compression\u201d device). And, since a sound is rarely heard on its own, but, instead, always with accompaniment, I\u2019ve included the rest of the drum mix as a stereo stem on Channel 12 of the mixer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Download Reason File<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Here\u2019s the Reason song file. Remember to press Play before you begin soloing each snare drum signal, and only audition one snare signal at a time. (This is a Reason 3 song file so it will work with all the latest versions of Reason.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Compression Explained<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Press Play to start the drum pattern, then, to hear each compression setting, solo each snare drum signal on the mixer (Channels 1 to 10), one channel at a time. Leave the drum mix on Channel 12 in solo mode so that you can hear how the different compression settings make the snare \u201csit\u201d in the drum mix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many of the changes to the snare drum\u2019s sound are subtle and a challenge to hear, especially if you\u2019re new to this sort of critical listening. Accurate monitors are also key in being able to hear the differences in the drum\u2019s sound. So, if you\u2019re not hearing the differences right out of the gate, not to worry, below is a description of what you\u2019re listening for in each compression setting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Channel 1:<\/b> No Compression<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

This is the snare drum dry, with no compression processing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Channel 2:<\/b> Basic Compression<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

This is a decent snare drum compression setting. It is the starting point from which a single parameter is changed in the following Compressors. For example, on the \u201cMore Attack\u201d Compressor, all the parameters are identical to the \u201cBasic Compression\u201d settings except the Attack parameter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Channel 3:<\/b> Less Threshold<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Increasing the Threshold means that less of the incoming signal will be compressed. Another way of putting it is that the threshold at which the signal will begin being compressed is higher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Channel 4:<\/b> More Threshold<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Decreasing the Threshold means that more of the incoming signal will be compressed. Another way of putting it is that the threshold at which the signal will begin being compressed is lower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Channel 5:<\/b> Less Ratio<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

There\u2019s no easy way to explain the compression ratio. It\u2019s math, there\u2019s no getting around it. Ratio sets the amount of input signal necessary to cause a 1 dB increase in output signal. For example, with a ratio of 4:1, a 4 dB increase in input will produce a 1 dB increase in the output. So, less Ratio means that an increase in input signal will sound louder at the output, less compressed compared to the original \u201cBasic Compression\u201d setting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Channel 6:<\/b> More Ratio<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With more compression ratio applied, more input signal will be required to produce a 1 dB increase in output signal. Consequently, the output signal will sound more compressed when compared to the original \u201cBasic Compression\u201d setting. At high compression ratios, limiting occurs, where, at the most extreme settings, the output level stops increasing no matter how loud the input level becomes (referred to as \u201cbrickwall\u201d limiting). In situations where the output level is very low in volume, you can use the Compressor\u2019s Output Gain control to turn it up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Channel 7:<\/b> Less Attack<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Attack parameter sets how quickly the compression will begin. So, turning the Attack up means that less of the signal\u2019s initial transient (the very beginning of its waveform) will be compressed. This is good if you want to retain the crack and pop of the waveform\u2019s start.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Channel 8:<\/b> More Attack<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Turning the Attack down means that more of the signal\u2019s initial transient will be compressed. This is good if you want to diminish the crack and pop of a waveform\u2019s start.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Channel 9:<\/b> Less Release<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Release parameter determines how long it will take for the compression effect to fade out. So, less Release equals a shorter release time and the signal\u2019s waveform will be compressed for a very limited duration. This is good if you want to retain the natural decay of a waveform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Channel 10:<\/b> More Release<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Turning the Release up means that the time it takes for the compression effect to fade out will be longer. This is good if you want to compress the natural decay of a waveform, like increasing the volume as the signal fades out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After you\u2019ve listened carefully to each compression setting, try describing the changes in the sound that you hear. This will connect what you\u2019re hearing to a concrete idea in your mind. And, ultimately, help you to associate a compression color with a specific compression parameter. Once you master hearing what each compression parameter can do on its own, then you will begin to hear how all of the compression settings work together to create a variety of compression effects and sonic colorations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

STUDY MUSIC PRODUCTION WITH BERKLEE ONLINE<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Berklee Online music production instructor Erik Hawkins teaches you how compressors work and how to effectively apply compression in your mix.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":9710,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,7579,23,9563],"tags":[345,347,476,680,935,959,1148,1152,1188,1543],"class_list":["post-94","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-electronic-music-articles","category-lesson-content","category-music-production-lessons","category-music-production-articles","tag-compression","tag-compression-processing","tag-education","tag-inspiration","tag-mixing","tag-motivation","tag-process","tag-production","tag-reason","tag-using-compression"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhat Does a Compressor Do in Music? - Berklee Online Take Note<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Berklee Online music production instructor Erik Hawk teaches you how a compressor works and how to effectively apply compression in your mix.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/what-does-a-compressor-do-in-music\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What Does a Compressor Do in Music?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Berklee Online music production instructor Erik Hawk teaches you how a compressor works and how to effectively apply compression in your mix.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/what-does-a-compressor-do-in-music\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Berklee Online Take Note\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berkleeonline\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2007-12-06T15:46:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-19T21:26:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/andres-medina-copy.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"6000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"4000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Erik Hawkins\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@berkleeonline\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@berkleeonline\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Erik Hawkins\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/what-does-a-compressor-do-in-music\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/what-does-a-compressor-do-in-music\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Erik Hawkins\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/#\/schema\/person\/ee890d5b704d4514f8ce9d513b34f06a\"},\"headline\":\"What Does a Compressor Do in Music?\",\"datePublished\":\"2007-12-06T15:46:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-19T21:26:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/what-does-a-compressor-do-in-music\/\"},\"wordCount\":1184,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/#org\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/what-does-a-compressor-do-in-music\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/andres-medina-copy.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Compression\",\"compression processing\",\"Education\",\"Inspiration\",\"mixing\",\"Motivation\",\"Process\",\"Production\",\"Reason\",\"using compression\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Electronic Music\",\"Lesson Content\",\"Music Production\",\"Music Production\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/what-does-a-compressor-do-in-music\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/what-does-a-compressor-do-in-music\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/online.berklee.edu\/takenote\/what-does-a-compressor-do-in-music\/\",\"name\":\"What Does a Compressor Do in Music? 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